ABSTRACT
Cyperus esculentus is used in the treatment of diarrhea in traditional medicine. Antidiarrheal activity of aqueousethanol extract of C. esculentus tuber was investigated in albino rats with castor oil induced and charcoal mealassays. Acute toxicity and preliminary phytochemical constituents were determined. Fifty albino rats were dividedinto five groups of five animals each for each assay. The extract was administered at doses of 250, 500, and 1,000mg/kg, loperamide at 2 mg/kg, and atropine at 0.1 mg/kg (positive control groups), while 1% tracaganth mucilagewas given to negative control group. The LD50 was above 5,000 mg/kg. Phytochemical evaluation indicated thepresence of steroids, carbohydrates, alkaloids, and saponins. A non-statistically significant (p > 0.05) decrease inmean weight of wet feces (1.71 ± 1.23 g, 1.75 ± 0.77 g) and mean frequency of watery defecation (1.6 ± 1.03,1.8 ± 0.97) at 500 and 1,000 mg/kg extract doses. Percentage inhibition of defecation was 46.7% and 40% at 500and 1,000 mg/kg doses of the extract, respectively, while that of loperamide was 46.7% relative to the negativecontrol in castor oil induced test. The findings have shown that the aqueous ethanol extract of C. esculentus tuberseems to possess anti-secretory effect but does not have anti-motility effect.
ABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to determine the nutritional elements in Simarouba amara (Aubl.) bark aqueousextract (SAAE) by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and the in vitroantibacterial activity against pathogens enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcous aureus,Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory, and bactericidalconcentration. Then, antidiarrheal effect was studied on castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice model. Recorded Mg > Fe> Cu > Zn elements in SAAE invariably found to be effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.Effective concentration of bark showed the zone of inhibition against enterotoxigenic E. coli (200 mg/ml), S. typhiand S. aureus (300 mg/ml), and P. aeruginosa and K. pneumonia (100 mg/ml). The standard ratio between minimuminhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was meticulously recorded “one”against all pathogens, which confirms the bactericidal property. Results in mice model prominently showed that SAAEsignificantly (p < 0.05) reduced the frequency and number of diarrheal episodes, intestinal fluid accumulation, andintestinal transit time in dose-dependent manner. Inordinate delay in charcoal movement in the intestine positivelyconfirmed the antispasmodic effect by reducing propulsive movement. Confirmed findings in this study naturallysuggested that SAAE could be an effective antibacterial and antidiarrheal formulation.
ABSTRACT
In the present study, attempt was made to evaluate the phytochemical composition and anti-diarrheal activity of the seed and pulp extract of Ziziphus mauritania. The anti-diarrheal activity of the crude seed and pulp were evaluated using castor oil induced diarrheal model, charcoal meal test and anti-fluid accumulation test in rats. The result of phytochemical test indicated that tannins, flavonoids, saponin, cyanogenic glycosides, and terpenoids were present in both seed and pulp. In the castor oil induced model both the seed and pulp extract significantly prolonged diarrheal onset was observed in treated rats compared to the negative control. Similarly, in the fluid accumulation test, the extract of the seed and pulp produced a significant decline in volume of intestinal contents. Results from the charcoal meal test revealed that all the extract produced a significant anti-motility effect. Based on the findings of this work, the pulp extract of this plant possess anti-diarrheal properties and validates its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of diarrhea
ABSTRACT
Diarrhea is a global epidemic. Majority of the populace in developing Countries including Nigeria depend on Napoleona imperialis as a safer, more effective and affordable alternatives for treatment of diarrhea. This study evaluated the antidiarrheal potential of ethanol (leaf) extract and fractions of N. imperialis in Swiss albino mice. Acute toxicity test was performed to determine safe dose range before in vivo experiments. Castor-oil induced diarrhea and charcoal meal gastrointestinal motility test models were used. Antimicrobial activity on bacteria-implicated diarrhea, and HPLC analysis of the aqueous fraction (AF) were also evaluated. The result of the acute toxicity tests show that no death occurred at the test doses. Preliminary antimicrobial screening shows that the inhibitory zone diameter (IZD) of the extract has a weak antibacterial activity against sample organisms. The presence of procyanidin, 9-alpha-OH-pinoresinol, isoprunetin and ellagic acid derivatives in the aqueous fraction were highlighted by the HPLC analysis. The AF produced more significant (P<0.05) decrease in diarrhea than the other groups. This study shows that N. imperialis possesses antidiarrheal activity and hence justifies its folkloric use in the treatment of diarrhea.
ABSTRACT
Background: Use of Manihot esculenta Crantz (MEC) plant has been mentioned in literature of Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations, Central Tuber Crops Research Institute and many others. It is also known commonly as tapioca, continues to be a crop of food security for the millions of people, especially in the developing countries of the globe including India. Medicinal uses of this plant including diarrhea have been mentioned in literature, but scientific evidence is lacking. Objective: The objective was to study antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic leaf extract of MEC in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Ethanolic extract of MEC leaves in the doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg were used in Wistar rats of either sex. Experimental models used were castor oil‑induced intestinal fluid accumulation and charcoal passage test. Loperamide and atropine sulfate were the standard drugs used in these models respectively. Results: MEC extracts decreased intestinal fluid volume in dose dependent manner no extract group was comparable with standard drug loperamide (5 mg/ kg). MEC extracts also significantly inhibited gastrointestinal motility in dose dependent manner. MEC (100 mg/kg) and MEC (200 mg/kg) were comparable with standard drug atropine sulfate (5 mg/kg) in this aspect. <0.05 were considered to be significant. Conclusions: Ethanolic extract of MEC leaves exhibited significant antidiarrheal activity by decreasing intestinal fluid accumulation and the gastrointestinal motility in Wistar rats.
ABSTRACT
Desmostachya bipinnata root has been used in the Indian traditional system of medicine for treatment of diarrhoea and dysentery. The antidiarrhoeal effect of both alcoholic and aqueous extracts of the roots of Desmostachya bipinnata were studied in rats against castor oil induced diarrhoea and charcoal meal test at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. The alcoholic extract and to a lesser extent aqueous extract significantly reduced the weight of the faces and decreased the propulsion of charcoal meal through the gastrointestinal tract. The phytochemical screening of the extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, tannins, phytosterol, terpenoids, polyphenolics, protein and carbohydrates. These results may support the fact that this plant is used traditionally to cure diarrhoea.
La raíz de Desmostachya bipinnata ha sido utilizada en el sistema tradicional de medicina Hindú para el tratamiento de diarrea y disentería. El efecto antidiarreico de los extractos alcohólicos y acuosos de los extractos de la raíz de Desmostachya bipinnata fueron estudiados en ratas, utilizando la diarrea inducida por aceite de castor y el ensayo de la prueba por carbón en dosis de 200 y 400 mg/kg de peso corporal. El extracto alcohólico y en menor grado, el extracto acuoso, redujeron significativamente la propulsión de carbón a través del tracto gastrointestinal. El análisis de los extractos mostrarón la presencia de alcaloides, glicósidos, flavonoides, taninos, fitoesterol, terpenoides, polifenoles, proteínas y carbohidratos. Estos resultados pueden apoyar el hecho de que esta planta sea usada tradicionalmente para curar la diarrea.